What are Pixels?
The word pixel is a portmanteau of the words picture and element. Sometimes abbreviated as “px”, a pixel is the smallest possible unit of an image displayed on a digital screen. They’re the small, colored squares that blend together to make up the images you see on your computer screen or mobile device.
Pixels are an important technical aspect of digital creative, especially when it comes to designing websites that follow modern web design best practices. Web designers leverage their technical understanding of pixels to build responsive websites that scale automatically to fit the user’s device, regardless of screen size or display resolution.
How Do Pixels Work?
Digital displays like computer monitors, mobile phones, and tablets use pixels and the RGB color model to represent images on a digital screen. RGB is an additive color model where the light source within the display device creates the desired color by mixing red, green, and blue, and varying their intensity.
An RGB display is made up of millions of pixels. When it’s time to display an image, each of those pixels receives a small segment of binary code that tells it how to display a certain color. When every pixel is displaying the right color, the colors blend together and the bigger picture becomes discernible for users.
Here’s what you need to know about how pixels work:
Pixels Can Be Any Size
A pixel is a logical unit – not a physical unit – so there is no standard size for the pixels that make up a digital display. Different digital products implement pixels in different sizes, though they are ordinarily square or rectangular in shape.
Individual Pixels Can Be Different Colors
In an RGB display, each pixel has red, blue, and green color elements. Each of these color elements can be expressed at a different intensity (also called saturation), from 0 (least saturated) to 255 (most saturated).
By combining different saturation levels of these three color elements, a pixel can be made to represent over 16 million different colors.
Pixels are Arranged in a Grid
The pixels on a typical digital display are arranged in a grid, with rows of pixels from left to right and columns of pixels from top to bottom. Every pixel in the grid has its own unique address or coordinates. This address is used to transmit the code that determines which color the pixel should display.
Pixels and Digital Photography
A digital camera takes pictures by focusing light on a silicon sensor. This sensor consists of a grid of light-sensitive photosites known as pixels. When you snap a photo, the sensor measures the color and brightness of each pixel and stores it as a number.
Thus, a digital photograph is really just a long string of numbers with the address and color information for every pixel needed to reconstruct the image.